Chicken's valve in a human heart.

Prevention of events with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (the PEACE study design). Indications for coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic stable angina: review of the evidence and methodological considerations. effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition on inflammatory markers in atherosclero-tic rabbits. Effects of statins and ACE inhibitors alone and in combination on clinical outcome in patients with coronary heart disease. Effects of ramipril on left ventricular mass and function in cardiovascular patients with controlled blood pressure and with preserved left ventricular fraction: a substudy of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Trial. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for mortality reduction in congestive heart failure: should approval be granted for a class effect? In: Borer JS, Somberg J, eds. Cardiovascular Drug Development. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1999. p63–70. 15. Borer JS. Development of cardiovascular drugs: The US regulatory milieu from the perspective of a participating nonregulator. A clinical trial of the angioten-sin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular systolic function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease and absence of heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction. enzyme inhibitors in stable vascular disease without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure: a combination of three trials. Cost effectiveness of ramipril in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events: economic evaluation of the HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) study for Germany from the Statutory Health Insurance perspective. A 73-year-old woman was studied after admission for anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Transthoracic echocardiography (GE Vingmed, Vivid 7, Horten, Norway) revealed what seemed to be a prolapsing posterior mitral leaflet (Panel A) with eccentric grade 2þ mitral regurgitation. However, 2D parasternal short-axis views (Panel B) and 3D rendered images (Panel C) clearly demonstrated a tricuspid, three-branch star (Mercedes star) morphology of the mitral valve with three distinct leaflets. An anterolateral papillary muscle, two posteromedial papillary muscles, and a small accessory papillary muscle—originating from the inferior wall and inserting into the inferomedial leaflet—could be distinguished (Panel D). No other structural abnormalities of the heart were observed. A tricuspid mitral valve is a rare entity in humans, but a normal finding in chicken hearts. Its appearance might be due to abnormal development of endocardial cushion tissue. Panel A. Parasternal long-axis view exhibiting …